devoted to Concept Theory , Classification , Indexing and Knowledge Representation Contents

The use of Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs) in aggregated metadata collections facilitates the implementation of search mechanisms operating on the same term or keyphrase space, thus preparing the ground for improved browsing, more accurate retrieval and better user profiling. Automatic thesaurus-based keyphrase extraction appears to be an inexpensive tool to obtain this information, but the studies on its effectiveness are scattered and do not consider the practical applicability of these techniques compared to the quality obtained by involving human experts. This paper presents an evaluation of keyphrase extraction using the KEA software and the AGROVOC vocabulary on a sample of a large collection of metadata in the field of agriculture from the AGRIS database. This effort includes a double evaluation, the classical automatic evaluation based on precision and recall measures, plus a blind evaluation aimed to contrast the quality of the keyphrases extracted against expert-provided samples and against the keyphrases originally recorded in the metadata. Results show not only that KEA outperforms humans in matching the original keyphrases, but also that the quality of the keyphrases extracted was similar to those provided by humans. Beaudoin, Joan, Ménard, Elaine. Objects of Human Desire: The Organization of Pornographic Videos on Free Websites. Knowledge Organization. 42(2), 90-101. 38 references. Abstract: Pornographic content is pervasive on the Internet; nevertheless, our knowledge concerning how this content is organized, described, and accessed by individuals is limited. Human sexuality has been a problematic topic within the field of library and information science (LIS). Thus, this study investigates the terminology used to describe pornographic videos. More specifically, this study explores the categories available to access the videos and formulates a framework within which we can begin to address materials of a sexual nature. For the study presented below data was extracted from 20 free websites to explore the categories used for access, the search mechanisms provided by the sites, and the organizational patterns used for the pornographic video content. This project contributes to an area of research that remains relatively unexplored, and provides useful insights into the organization and terminology surrounding what is inarguably one of the most controversial, and yet ubiquitous, types of material accessible via the Internet. Hajibayova, Lala, Jacob, Elin K. Factors Influencing UserGenerated Vocabularies: How Basic are Basic Level Terms? Knowledge Organization. 42(2), 102-112. 60 references. Pornographic content is pervasive on the Internet; nevertheless, our knowledge concerning how this content is organized, described, and accessed by individuals is limited. Human sexuality has been a problematic topic within the field of library and information science (LIS). Thus, this study investigates the terminology used to describe pornographic videos. More specifically, this study explores the categories available to access the videos and formulates a framework within which we can begin to address materials of a sexual nature. For the study presented below data was extracted from 20 free websites to explore the categories used for access, the search mechanisms provided by the sites, and the organizational patterns used for the pornographic video content. This project contributes to an area of research that remains relatively unexplored, and provides useful insights into the organization and terminology surrounding what is inarguably one of the most controversial, and yet ubiquitous, types of material accessible via the Internet. Hajibayova, Lala, Jacob, Elin K. Factors Influencing UserGenerated Vocabularies: How Basic are Basic Level Terms? Knowledge Organization. 42(2), 102-112. 60 references. Abstract: Studies of user-generated tagging vocabularies (e.g., Yoon 2009) suggest that tag agreement across users is due to wide-spread use of basic level category terms. This study investigated whether differences in the superordinate, subordinate or basic level of abstraction were influenced by resource content. Analysis of 7617 tags assigned by 40 participants to 36 online resources representing four content categories (i.e., TOOL, FRUIT, CLOTHING, VEHICLE) found significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of subordinate and basic level tags assigned to resources in the FRUIT content category and of superordinate and basic level tags assigned to resources in the CLOTHING content category. This study suggests that variation in the level of abstraction of content related tags is natural in that perception and understanding arise out of the individual's contextualized experiences of engaging with objects. Studies of user-generated tagging vocabularies (e.g., Yoon 2009) suggest that tag agreement across users is due to wide-spread use of basic level category terms. This study investigated whether differences in the superordinate, subordinate or basic level of abstraction were influenced by resource content. Analysis of 7617 tags assigned by 40 participants to 36 online resources representing four content categories (i.e., TOOL, FRUIT, CLOTHING, VEHICLE) found significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of subordinate and basic level tags assigned to resources in the FRUIT content category and of superordinate and basic level tags assigned to resources in the CLOTHING content category. This study suggests that variation in the level of abstraction of content related tags is natural in that perception and understanding arise out of the individual's contextualized experiences of engaging with objects. Hjørland, Birger. Theories are Knowledge Organizing Systems (KOS). Knowledge Organization. 42(2), 113-128. 100 references. Abstract: The notion “theory” is a neglected concept in the field of information science and knowledge organization (KO) as well as generally in philosophy and in many other fields, although there are exceptions from this general neglect (e.g., the so-called “theory theory” in cognitive psychology). This article introduces different conceptions of “theory” and argues that a theory is a statement or a conception, which is considered open to be questioned and which is connected with background assumptions. Theories form interconnected systems of grand, middle rank and micro theories and actions, practices and artifacts are theory-laden. The concept of knowledge organization system (KOS) is briefly introduced and discussed. A theory is a form of KOS and theories are the point of departure of any KOS. It is generally understood in KO that concepts are the units of KOSs, but the theory-dependence of concepts brings theories to the forefront in analyzing concepts and KOSs. The study of theories should therefore be given a high priority within KO concerning the construction and evaluation of KOSs. The notion “theory” is a neglected concept in the field of information science and knowledge organization (KO) as well as generally in philosophy and in many other fields, although there are exceptions from this general neglect (e.g., the so-called “theory theory” in cognitive psychology). This article introduces different conceptions of “theory” and argues that a theory is a statement or a conception, which is considered open to be questioned and which is connected with background assumptions. Theories form interconnected systems of grand, middle rank and micro theories and actions, practices and artifacts are theory-laden. The concept of knowledge organization system (KOS) is briefly introduced and discussed. A theory is a form of KOS and theories are the point of departure of any KOS. It is generally understood in KO that concepts are the units of KOSs, but the theory-dependence of concepts brings theories to the forefront in analyzing concepts and KOSs. The study of theories should therefore be given a high priority within KO concerning the construction and evaluation of KOSs.